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geographical annotations to


Taylor, J.G. 'Travels in Kurdistan, with Notices of the Sources of the Eastern and Western Tigris, and Ancient Ruins in their Neighbourhood' (1865)

19th century sources

website of Jelle Verheij, historian

Google Earth view of the extensive ruins of Arzan, 2015

Arzan can highly possibly be identified with the classical city of Tigranocerta. (see Levon Avdoyan, 'Tigranocerta: The city "Built by Tigranes"', in R.H. Hovannissian, ed, Armenian Tigranakert/Diarbekir and Urfa, 2006, p.95.

Giri Hassan : not identified

(click on picture to expand)